Cryptography is the art of secret messaging, turning messages into unreadable gibberish until decrypted with the right key.There are two main types of cryptography: Symmetric (using a shared key) and Asymmetric (using public and private keys).Cryptography is used in everyday applications like secure websites, messaging apps, online payments, and banking to ensure data security.Modern algorithms like AES, RSA, ECC, and SHA-256 are utilized for encryption, hashing, and securing various digital transactions.