As cyberattacks become more frequent and targeted, the potential for significant collateral damage increases, complicating efforts to maintain societal resilience.
The distinctions between military and civilian infrastructure are rapidly blurring in the cyber domain.
In 2025, the civilian infrastructure is expected to be on the frontlines of cyber warfare.
Ransomware has evolved from a financial windfall for cybercriminals to a political weapon for nation-states.
Cyber mercenaries and proxy groups are emerging actors on the cyber battlefield complicating attribution.
Nation-states seek competitive advantages in emerging technologies will result in intellectual property theft, cyber espionage and targeted attacks.
AI-powered attacks that overwhelm cybersecurity teams by generating thousands of variants of malware or exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities will target emerging technologies.
The proliferation of IoT devices introduces an alarming attack surface for cyber actors.
Breakthroughs in quantum computing may begin to challenge the security of traditional encryption methods and password complexity.
Distrust between nations and diverging national interests could lead to fragmented defense efforts.