std::shared_mutex is a utility that allows multiple threads to read from a resource without locking it and prevents concurrent writing.std::apply is used for argument unpacking in C++, allowing multiple function input arguments to be provided with only one variable.std::clamp reduces boilerplate code by simplifying the process of getting an input value within a specified range.std::minmax_element is used to get both the minimum and maximum elements from a container with a single function call.std::for_each_n allows executing a function on a limited number of elements in a container.