Building a design that’s responsive to both its contents and its environment is a primary challenge of robust user interface programming.
Using ViewThatFits in SwiftUI can help determine how much text can fit and choose the appropriate date format.
Auto-changing date formats in Apple's Mail table view were removed in Catalina and not restored later, but Finder still adjusts date formats based on table column width.
Implementing auto-changing date formats in apps is less common nowadays.