Proxy object in ECMAScript 2015 provides custom behavior for object operations, particularly data validation in complex applications.Historically, JavaScript used methods and prototypes for validation, but Proxy offers dynamic validation with better maintainability.Proxies use a target object and a handler defining traps for operations like property access and assignments.Examples showcase how Proxies can validate properties, handle nested object validations, and incorporate async validations.Performance considerations include implementing only necessary traps and batching operations for better efficiency.Debugging Proxies involves logging traps and comprehensive error handling for effective troubleshooting.Compared to alternatives like manual checks or library structures, Proxies offer dynamic encapsulation but may incur overhead.Real-world use cases include form handling in React, model validation in MVC frameworks, and state management in Redux.Proxies provide an elegant and dynamic approach to data validation but may have performance implications in complex scenarios.Further resources like MDN, JavaScript.info, and validation libraries are recommended for in-depth Proxy understanding and implementation.