Java's dominance in enterprise software is being challenged by blockchain development, which has favored languages like Solidity, Rust, and Go.
JVM-based blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda have helped keep Java relevant in permissioned enterprise chains despite Ethereum's shift to WebAssembly (WASM).
While WASM offers faster execution and broader language support, Java still maintains its niche in enterprise adoption due to regulatory compliance, legacy integration, and developer familiarity.
The future landscape suggests that while WASM excels in raw speed for public blockchains, Java is likely to remain dominant in enterprise chains, with the potential for hybrid solutions combining both technologies.