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Colossus under the hood: How we deliver SSD performance at HDD prices
- Colossus is Google's foundational distributed storage system that supports various Google products, offering high throughput and scalability.
- Colossus caters to diverse application requirements, from BigQuery scans and Cloud Storage to Gmail messages and YouTube video storage.
- Google Cloud products like Hyperdisk ML, Spanner, Cloud Storage, and BigQuery leverage Colossus for efficient storage and high-speed I/O operations.
- Colossus evolved from Google File System (GFS) to provide an append-only, object storage-like system with improved scalability and durability.
- Colossus uses a zonal approach, deploying a single filesystem per cluster in a Google Cloud zone, ensuring high storage capacity and performance.
- Colossus implements SSD caching and data placement strategies, such as L4, to optimize data placement and enhance read and write speeds.
- L4's distributed SSD cache analyzes data access patterns, placing frequently accessed data on SSDs to improve IOPS and throughput.
- L4 also introduces writeback caching, automating decisions on placing files on SSD based on usage patterns and improving overall storage efficiency.
- Colossus' advanced SSD placement capabilities help Google Cloud in delivering reliable services efficiently to billions of users.
- The system aims to enhance storage efficiency and performance, ensuring users get high-quality service without needing intricate storage expertise.
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