A hard inquiry takes place when a financial institution evaluates your credit report and score to check your creditworthiness and judge whether you qualify for a loan or credit card.
A hard inquiry can negatively impact your credit score, especially if there are multiple hard inquiries within a short period.
A soft inquiry is done for gathering information about your credit profile and has no impact on your credit score.
Soft inquiries are not visible to other financial institutions and have no impact on your loan applications.