In Java, we call or access an object by creating an object of a class using the new keyword and calling methods and variables using the object.
Methods in Java provide code reusability, improve readability, reduce redundancy, and make debugging easier.
Static methods in Java are declared using the static keyword, belong to the class rather than a specific instance, can be accessed without creating an object, and can't access non-static members directly.
Global variables in Java can be instance variables or static variables, can be accessed by all methods in the class, and are declared outside of methods, inside the class; local variables are declared inside a method, constructor, or block, and can only be accessed within the method where they are declared.