<ul><li>A shallow copy creates a new object or array that has the same top-level properties as the original.</li><li>However, if any properties are references to other objects, only the references are copied.</li><li>Changes to nested objects or arrays in the copied object will affect the original object, as both reference the same memory location.</li><li>A deep copy creates a new object or array and recursively copies all properties from the original object, ensuring that nested objects are independent.</li></ul>

Deep Copy vs. Shallow Copy

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