Descriptive statistics can be broken down into three main components: center, spread, and shape.Center metrics include mean (average), median (middle value), and mode (most frequent value).Spread metrics include range (difference between highest and lowest values), variance, standard deviation, and IQR (interquartile range).Shape metrics include skewness (asymmetry of data), kurtosis (tailedness of data), Z-score, and Percentile.