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Diphtheria in Pediatric Populations- Understanding the Recent Outbreaks in India
- Diphtheria is a serious public health concern, particularly among children, and recent outbreaks in India have raised concerns.
- It primarily affects the throat and upper airways, producing a toxin that can cause severe complications, including damage to major organs.
- Early diagnosis and prompt treatment involving administration of diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics are essential to reduce complications and fatalities, particularly in pediatric patients.
- The cornerstone of diphtheria prevention is vaccination, which is included in the routine immunization schedule for children in India and involves booster doses given at recommended ages.
- India experienced diphtheria outbreaks resulting from factors, such as low coverage of booster doses, decline in immunity, compromised vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, and antibiotic resistance.
- The government and private healthcare sector need to ensure that vaccination programs are reinforced, particularly in areas experiencing interruptions during the pandemic.
- Awareness campaigns about the importance of timely vaccinations are critical in rural areas, where immunization rates tend to be lower, and misinformation about vaccines can spread.
- Communities play a vital role in preventing diphtheria outbreaks, ensure children receive recommended vaccinations on time, practice good hygiene during outbreaks, and seek early medical attention.
- Healthcare providers such as pediatricians and family doctors have a responsibility to ensure children receive scheduled doses vaccines and conduct early diagnosis and report suspected cases promptly.
- Preventing further outbreaks and protecting children from diphtheria requires coordinated efforts between the government, healthcare providers, and communities.
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