<ul><li>Functional programming (FP) is a declarative way of writing programs, focusing on the result rather than implementation details.</li><li>In FP, everything, including functions, is treated as expressions, simplifying the program structure.</li><li>Core principles of FP include avoiding side effects, shared state, and promoting immutable data.</li><li>Functional programming utilizes expressions, lexical scope, pure functions, and first-class functions as cornerstones.</li><li>Lexical scoping ensures variable scope resolution at compile time, enhancing code predictability.</li><li>Pure functions have no side effects and consistently return the same output for the same input.</li><li>First-class functions enable passing functions as arguments, returning functions, and assigning functions to variables.</li><li>FP excels in concurrency and parallelism due to safe parallelization, data sharing, and thread safety practices.</li><li>OCaml, a functional language, balances FP principles with mutable data when necessary for better performance.</li><li>OCaml's strong type system enhances code correctness, readability, and security by detecting errors at compile time.</li></ul>

Functional Programming and Why OCaml?

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