C programming allows for passing arguments to a program from the command line using the parameters int argc and char *argv[] in the main function.
It is crucial to handle command-line arguments carefully to prevent runtime errors by verifying the value of argc before accessing elements in argv[].
When passing numerical values as arguments, beginners should convert the string representations in argv[] to their corresponding integer values using functions like atoi() or strtol().
atoi() function converts a string to an integer, while strtol() function provides better error checking and allows for specifying the base of conversion.