There are only a few map tiling service standards defined including WMS, TMS, WMTS, 3D Tiles, and API Tiles.
Deegree3 is an open source implementation of WMS, WMTS, WFS, CSW, and WPS services written in Java.
GeoServer is an open source reference server implementation of OGC WFS, WMS, WMTS, TMS, XYZ, WCS, WPS services, and SLD specification.
GeoNode is a web-based application and platform for developing geospatial information systems and deploying spatial data infrastructures. It implements WMS, WCS, WFS, CSW, and WMTS standards.
MapServer is a C/C++ geographic data rendering engine that supports OGC WMS web mapping and OGC WFS services.
Oskari is a web map framework supporting OGC API standards, implemented in Java servlets and JavaScript using React framework for the front-end.
Majority of service implementations support SLD styling specification, with MapServer using its own styling language via mapfiles, and Oskari which does not support styling of WMS tiles.
The code bases of these software implementations span up to a few hundred thousand lines with GeoServer having a code base of around 1 million lines of code.
These software implementations are used for spatial data infrastructures and for the geospatial web.
GeoNode was created in 2010 and the latest version is a few weeks old. The latest versions of GeoServer, MapServer and Deegree3 are few days old. While, the latest standard specification, API Tiles, was released in 2022.