High concurrency is a challenge for large internet systems as it leads to increased resource consumption, potentially causing system crashes.
High concurrency system architecture focuses on meeting users' demands for increased computational resources to handle simultaneous access.
Two main solutions for enhancing computational resources are vertical scaling, which improves a single server's processing power, and horizontal scaling, which involves using multiple servers in a distributed cluster.
Horizontal scaling is preferred in most large internet systems today due to its better elasticity and ability to handle varying user loads by adding servers as needed.