<ul><li>Houston is often criticized for lack of long-term planning, particularly due to its lack of zoning which allows organic growth.</li><li>Reports reveal that Houston's third beltway, Grand Parkway, was initially planned back in 1961 when the city's population was much lower at 1.2 million people.</li><li>The construction of the Grand Parkway began in 1994 and is still ongoing to complete the longest beltway in the US, covering more area than the state of Rhode Island.</li><li>Houston's success may be attributed to its macro-scale planning approach that looks far into the future while allowing flexibility and minimal micromanagement.</li></ul>

Houston’s long term planning

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