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How Facebook Live Scaled to a Billion Users
- Facebook Live started as a hackathon project to measure video latency and quickly evolved to a platform serving billions of users in months.
- The video infrastructure team at Facebook ensures end-to-end video path integrity, focusing on scalability and redundancy.
- The infrastructure is built on composable systems with predictable patterns, aiming for low latency, high availability, and smooth playback for every user.
- Challenges faced include managing concurrent stream ingestion, unpredictable viewer surges, and hot streams requiring rapid replication.
- Live video architecture involves a distributed network of POPs and data centers, ensuring low latency and high reliability for global viewers.
- The system dynamically scales to handle viral content, regional traffic variations, and global events as the norm rather than exceptions.
- The upload pipeline supports resumability and redundant paths for reliable content delivery, with metadata extraction enabling early processing.
- Encoding at scale involves parallel transcoding with adaptive playback support for diverse devices and network conditions.
- Live streams benefit from secure RTMP connections, real-time transcoding, and interactive viewer engagement, creating a seamless experience.
- Facebook's architecture uses a two-tier caching model for live video distribution, with POPs and data centers handling caching and content delivery efficiently.
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