<ul><li>An API (Application Programming Interface) allows software applications to communicate by defining methods and data formats for information exchange.</li><li>Types of APIs include REST (Representational State Transfer), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), GraphQL, and gRPC (Google Remote Procedure Call).</li><li>API Request methods include GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, and response codes like 2xx for success, 4xx for client errors, and 5xx for server errors.</li><li>Authentication mechanisms include API keys, Basic Auth, JWT, OAuth 2.0, with security strategies like HTTPS, input validation, rate limiting, and monitoring for abuse.</li></ul>

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