System design is the process of defining the architecture, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements.
Key elements of system design include understanding the problem domain, defining clear requirements, choosing the right architecture, using modular design, designing for scalability, considering security, and thorough testing.
Understanding the problem domain involves identifying user needs, business requirements, and constraints.
Choosing the right architecture involves considering options like monolithic, microservices, and layered (N-Tier) architectures.