Japanese start-up Space One aborted the launch of its debut rocket for the second time about three minutes after launch on Wednesday.
The Kairos No. 2 rocket self-destructed after reaching an altitude of more than 100 km and entering space.
The rocket detected abnormalities in the first-stage engine nozzle control and its trajectory, triggering the self-destruct.
Japan is trying to set up regular launches by private companies to provide an inexpensive way to launch satellites into space in competition with the US space industry.