Java Security is crucial for protecting applications from common cyber threats and unauthorized access.
The architecture includes the Security Manager, Access Control, and Policy Files for controlling code execution and permissions.
Secure coding practices involve input validation, output encoding, and avoiding dynamic queries in JDBC.
Authentication methods include Basic, Form-based login, OAuth, and LDAP integration, while authorization can be Role-Based or Attribute-Based.
The Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) supports encryption, hashing, and digital signatures using APIs like java.security and javax.crypto.
The Security Manager provides runtime restrictions, ACLs, and Permissions to control class behavior.
Common Java security vulnerabilities include deserialization flaws, input validation issues, insecure use of Reflection APIs, and session vulnerabilities.
Securing Java web applications involves implementing HTTPS, session management, Content Security Policy (CSP), and CORS.
Security testing tools like SpotBugs, OWASP ZAP, and dependency checkers help detect vulnerabilities in Java applications.
Choosing secure frameworks like Spring Security, Apache Shiro, and libraries like OWASP ESAPI is essential for Java security.
Best practices include enforcing strong passwords, using secure random number generators, avoiding deprecated algorithms, and performing regular security audits.