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Kafka fundamentals with a practical example
- Apache Kafka is a distributed event-streaming platform that handles real-time events. Topics are ordered logs of events and are partitioned to ensure scalability and fault tolerance.
- Producers write messages to topics, and consumers read messages from them. Kafka supports multiple consumers for independent processing of the same stream.
- Kafka integrates the features of both queuing and publish-subscribe models, offering consumers the advantages of each approach.
- Messages are serialized as key/value pairs before sending to Kafka. Kafka stores messages on disk with configurable retention periods providing data persistence and reliability.
- Kafka ensures data durability and fault tolerance by replicating partition data across multiple brokers. The primary copy of a partition is the leader replica, while additional copies are follower replicas. Data is written to the leader, which automatically replicates updates to the followers.
- Serialization and deserialization in Kafka are about converting data between its original format and a byte array for transmission and storage, allowing producers and consumers to communicate efficiently.
- Compression in Kafka is reducing the size of messages before they are stored or transmitted, optimizing storage usage, reducing network bandwidth consumption, and improving overall performance.
- Apache Kafka can be used in various use cases such as real-time analytics, event sourcing, log aggregation, data pipelines and handling sensor data from IoT devices in real-time.
- Optimizing Kafka's performance involves fine-tuning various components to balance throughput and latency effectively, tuning options include partition management, producer configuration, and consumer configuration.
- An example application in NestJS and KafkaJS is built which records temperature in a room and transmits this data using Kafka. Producer, Consumer, IProducer, and IConsumer classes are created to handle the specifics of Kafka’s Producer and Consumer implementations.
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