LDR sensor, or Light Dependent Resistor, changes its electrical resistance based on light intensity, with resistance dropping in light and increasing in darkness.
The working principle of an LDR sensor is based on photoconductivity, where light photons hitting the material make it more conductive, leading to a decrease in resistance.
LDR sensors respond to different light intensities by varying resistance, with resistance reaching megaohms in darkness and dropping to a few hundred ohms in bright light.
Advantages of LDR sensors include cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and versatility in light detection and brightness control, while disadvantages include slower response compared to other sensors and temperature sensitivity.