<ul><li>URLs like https://www.google consist of the protocol HTTPS that ensures secure communication between the browser and server via TLS encryption.</li><li>The www part of a URL is a subdomain that typically represents the public-facing area of a website, while the domain name google.com comprises the second-level domain (google) and the top-level domain .com.</li><li>When a URL is entered, the browser translates the domain name into an IP address through DNS servers, starting from a root server and ending with the authoritative server for the specific domain.</li><li>The connection between the browser and the server is established using TCP on port 443 for HTTPS, followed by a TLS handshake to secure the connection with encryption and exchange of session keys.</li></ul>

Let’s walk through what actually happens, step by step, when you enter a URL like https://www.google

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