<ul><li>The Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) is a crucial concept in object-oriented design, ensuring that subclasses can replace their superclasses without causing issues.</li><li>Named after Barbara Liskov, LSP states that replacing a parent class with its subclass should not break the code.</li><li>LSP ensures that subclasses do not have stronger preconditions or weaker postconditions than their superclasses.</li><li>A violation of LSP can lead to unexpected bugs, like in the square-rectangle problem or unexpected exceptions in methods.</li><li>LSP helps in making code extendable, easy to fix, and test, by maintaining consistency across class hierarchies.</li><li>In different programming languages like Python, Java, TypeScript, and C#, LSP is applied to ensure reliable class substitutions.</li><li>For effective LSP implementation, refactoring code, ensuring correct subclass behaviors, and considering composition over inheritance are recommended best practices.</li><li>By following LSP along with other SOLID principles like SRP and OCP, developers can create modular, scalable, and maintainable applications.</li></ul>

Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

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