To calculate the lowest common ancestor in a binary tree, we can use a simple approach of listing down all the paths from the root node to the given nodes and selecting the lowest common node.
Another approach is to solve it using recursion without using any extra space. We follow a bottom-up approach and return the current node to its parent if we find one of the nodes. If the current node is not one of the nodes, we traverse the left and right children recursively.
In an example scenario, for the given nodes 'h' and 'i', the lowest common ancestor is 'b'. We start from the root node 'a' and trace the nodes down the tree until we find the desired nodes.
The algorithm returns the lowest common ancestor between the two nodes based on the recursive traversal and comparison of nodes.