Authentication is crucial for secure web applications, with OAuth 2.0, JWT, and OpenID Connect being widely used methods.
OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, enabling third-party apps to access user data without sharing credentials.
JWT provides a secure way for session handling in SPAs and stateless authentication with APIs, but it's essential not to store sensitive data in them.
OpenID Connect combines authentication with OAuth 2.0, offering an ID token for user identity information, while WebAuthn and Passkeys aim for passwordless authentication in the future.