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Module Loading in JavaScript with ES Modules vs CommonJS
- CommonJS is a module system that revolves around require() and module.exports, allowing for synchronous loading of modules in Node.js.
- Modules in CommonJS are read, parsed, and cached during runtime, with module caching storing the result of module.exports in memory.
- CommonJS modules are executed as they are required, with no upfront analysis of all modules.
- Module caching in CommonJS allows for sharing a single instance of a module across different parts of an app.
- CommonJS modules can lead to issues with circular dependencies and side effects only happening once during module loading.
- Node.js wraps each CommonJS file in a function to avoid global scope pollution and provides special variables like require and module.
- ES Modules introduce a standardized module system with static analysis, where imports and exports are established before any code execution.
- ES Modules preload all dependencies and establish a full dependency graph before executing code, avoiding delays during runtime.
- ES Modules do not support conditional loading of imports, ensuring a predictable dependency structure.
- Top-level code in ES Modules is always in strict mode by default and does not pollute the global scope.
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