The European Commission (EC) and UK's competition watchdog have fined more than a dozen carmakers and automotive brand peak bodies for cartel behaviour.
The EC fined the Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) and 15 members a total of €458 million (A$784m), while the UK's Competition and Markets Authority fined 10 brands and two peak bodies a total of £77.7 million (A$160m).
The carmakers were found to have agreed not to compete when advertising the percentage of their cars that can be recycled, as well as colluded to avoid paying third parties for recycling customers' scrap cars.
Mercedes-Benz received immunity after revealing the cartel behaviour, while Stellantis received a 50% reduction and Mitsubishi and Ford had their fines reduced by 30% and 20% respectively.