Multithreading in Python involves running multiple threads within a single process. Threads share the same memory space, making them lightweight and fast to create.
Multithreading is best for I/O-bound tasks like waiting for network responses or reading files.
Multiprocessing in Python involves spawning multiple independent processes, each with its own memory space and Python interpreter. It bypasses the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) and allows true parallelism for CPU-bound tasks.
Multiprocessing is best for CPU-bound tasks like mathematical computations or image processing.