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New clues reveal how the universe’s giant galaxies formed
- Astronomers are piecing together the cosmic puzzle of galaxy evolution by analyzing the structure of high-redshift galaxies and studying more than 100 galaxies in the distant universe using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
- Recent findings reveal that there is a direct connection between intense star-forming episodes in early galaxies and the emergence of massive spheroids.
- The study published in Nature offers a cosmologically significant pathway for understanding how galaxies grew into the massive structures observed today.
- By examining the light distribution in these galaxies, the team identified patterns inconsistent with typical disk-like structures. Instead, the galaxies displayed a triaxial, or three-dimensional, shape. The formation of spheroids is tied to dramatic events in the early universe, such as galaxy mergers, gravitational interactions, and non-co-planar gas streams.
- The observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Euclid satellite, and instruments aboard the Chinese Space Station will further map the stellar components of galaxies.
- The rapid creation of spheroids challenges existing notions of galaxy evolution, suggesting a more dynamic and interconnected process.
- This will give us a more complete picture of early galaxy formation and deepen our understanding of how the universe has evolved since the beginning of time.
- Researchers relied on archival projects such as A3COSMOS and A3GOODSS, which provide high-quality observations of distant galaxies, to gather the data.
- The findings align with theoretical models that predict that galaxy mergers and gravitational interactions are key drivers of spheroid development.
- By tracing the origins of massive elliptical galaxies to starburst-driven spheroid formation, scientists are redefining our understanding of the cosmos.
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