Physicists have produced a new superconducting state which has modulation in energy gap at the atomic scale.The new state, named Cooper-pair density modulation (PDM), has stronger energy gaps up to 40% in some areas in flakes of an iron-based superconductor.This modulation is significant as it provides clearer evidence that energy gap modulation can exist at the atomic scale.The discovery was made possible through successful scanning tunnelling microscopy of the iron-based superconductor.