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Object-Oriented vs Functional Programming-Why Not Both?
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) has been used ever since the 1970s and 1980s and remains a popular paradigm found in languages like Java, C#, Python, etc.
- Functional programming (FP) is on the rise, despite its origins tracing back to the 1950s.
- OOP models software as objects that bring together data and possible interactions with it whereas FP treats functions as first-class citizens, emphasizes the use of functions, immutability and isolating side-effects.
- FP aligns well with calculations-inputs and outputs and OOP models do well for rich domains, for example.
- The strengths of OOP include good predictability and the ability to hide internal interactions but it suffers from verbosity and forced object-modeling.
- The benefits of FP include immutability, easy debugging with the result of no side-effects and easier to reason code.
- The downsides of FP are a steep learning curve and not our natural way of thinking, especially not for concepts we see as ‘objects’ in real life.
- The union of the best of both worlds (FOOP) can be modeled using objects while making them immutable and side-effect-free. We can get the best of both worlds by leveraging FP for data processing, and OOP for rich domain modeling.
- Individual languages are becoming multi-paradigm, supporting different paradigms to varying degrees.
- We can have the best of both worlds. Used well together, these paradigms allow you to synthesize something better than either one could have done by itself.
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