Semiconductor manufacturing involves fabricating microchips on circular silicon wafers.Breadth-First Search (BFS) can be used to optimize chip placement, defect detection, and exposure path planning in wafer lithography.The algorithm for BFS chip placement involves starting from the center of the wafer and expanding outward layer by layer to find valid chip positions.BFS is also used for defect detection and isolation, as well as optimizing lithography exposure paths in a systematic scanning pattern.