PHP 8.4 brings optimizations to the Zend Engine, improving speed and stability of PHP applications.Updates include efficient stack usage for recursive functions, enhanced JIT compilation, and optimized operations like property access.The addition of json_validate() simplifies JSON validation process for developers.Support for typed class constants improves code predictability and consistency.PHP 8.4 enhances behavior when calling unset() on undefined object properties to catch potential bugs.Typed constants aid in immutability, reducing boilerplate code in class definitions.Internal improvements to random number generation enhance control for scenarios like games and simulations.DateTimeImmutable and DateTimeInterface classes see refinements for more accurate time manipulation.Stricter argument count checks in internal functions improve error reporting and prevent runtime issues.PHP 8.4 focuses on security enhancements and backward compatibility with third-party extensions.