Climate change is impacting coffee crops globally, leading to rising Arabica bean prices due to poor weather conditions.Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are using physics to enhance coffee brewing and reduce bean usage.Their study in Physics of Fluids uncovers the physics behind coffee brewing, focusing on flavor extraction.By studying fluid dynamics and mechanics in coffee brewing, researchers discovered the 'avalanche effect' that enhances flavor extraction.Pouring water from a controlled height and speed improves mixing and extraction efficiency without compromising flavor.Using precise measurements and equipment like gooseneck kettles optimizes water flow for better coffee extraction.The findings not only apply to coffee brewing but also have broader implications for understanding fluid dynamics in nature and industry.Research into coffee brewing can lead to insights in applications like medical device cleaning and biological fluid movement studies.Adjusting pouring techniques with a gooseneck kettle can reduce coffee bean usage while maintaining taste and strength.Improving sustainability in coffee production by maximizing flavor extraction per bean is vital amid environmental challenges.