SAST, DAST, and SCA are crucial for protecting code against cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities.SAST (Static Application Security Testing) detects flaws in source code pre-runtime like SQL injection risks and hardcoded passwords.DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing) simulates real attacks on running apps to find vulnerabilities like broken authentication and XSS.SCA (Software Composition Analysis) scans dependencies for risks in third-party code like outdated libraries and known vulnerabilities.