<ul><li>Java's built-in serialization/de-serialization is slow, verbose, and not portable.</li><li>JSON serialization/deserialization libraries like Jackson or Gson rely on Java's reflection for translation.</li><li>Protocol Buffers (protobuf) are Google's language-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data.</li><li>SBE (Simple Binary Encoding) is an OSI layer 6 presentation for encoding and decoding binary application messages for low-latency financial applications.</li></ul>

Serialization Strategies for Low-Latency Systems: JSON vs Protobuf vs SBE

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