To start Prometheus by supplying a config file when installed via Homebrew on macOS, follow these steps:
Check where Prometheus binary is installed using 'which prometheus' command to confirm the installation location.
Create a basic configuration file named 'prometheus.yml' with global configurations and scrape configurations for targets.
Start Prometheus with the new config file by running 'prometheus --config.file={PATH TO prometheus.yml}' command and can query metrics using the Prometheus UI.