<ul data-eligibleForWebStory="true">Calling .equals() on a variable that hasn’t been initialized can lead to a NullPointerException.Flipping the order of the comparison can prevent a crash when using .equals().Using a constant string with .equals() ensures the method call works safely.The method .equals() belongs to the object on which it is called.Calling null.equals() will result in a crash, while "hello".equals(null) returns false.Understanding this can provide extra safety, particularly in critical applications.