<ul><li>IBM played a crucial role in the development of business-oriented programming languages like COBOL and PL/I.</li><li>Xerox PARC introduced Smalltalk in the 1970s, which influenced modern languages such as Java and Python with its object-oriented principles.</li><li>Bell Labs created C and C++, which became industry standards in systems programming and embedded systems.</li><li>Market share and usage trends of programming languages are analyzed through metrics like Stack Overflow Developer Surveys and GitHub repositories.</li><li>Early languages like ALGOL had minimal presence in the commercial computing market in the 1960s.</li><li>From the 1970s to 1980s, system software development involved using assemblers to translate instructions into machine code.</li><li>Variables in programming act as containers that hold values, similar to boxes holding items.</li><li>Pointers in programming indicate the location of data rather than holding the actual data.</li><li>Conditional statements in programming allow for decision-making based on specific conditions.</li><li>Functions in programming serve as commands that execute a series of defined tasks.</li></ul>

The Evolution of Programming Languages: From Machine Code to Modern AI

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