The concept of mechanical computation dates back to ancient civilizations, with the development of the abacus by the Sumerians in 2300 BCE.During the 17th century, mechanical machines such as the Pascaline and the Step Reckoner were invented, paving the way for modern computers.The Pascaline, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642, was capable of adding and subtracting numbers.The Step Reckoner, invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1673, could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.