Code splitting divides application into smaller chunks to optimize bundle size.Splitting by page is a common approach improving initial load time.However, navigation delays can occur between pages.Preloading is introduced to load code before user requests, reducing navigation delays.Challenges include determining what to preload and when to preload it.Various preloading strategies exist, such as mouseover-based and viewport-based.Timing challenges include preloading too early or too late.Browsers provide limited APIs for designing smart preloading.Declarative navigation is crucial for effective preloading.Legacy codebases with imperative navigation may face difficulties in implementing preloading.Different frameworks have varying levels of support for preloading strategies.