An array in JavaScript is a fundamental data structure used to store multiple values in an ordered list.
JavaScript provides various built-in methods for manipulating arrays like push(), pop(), unshift(), shift(), forEach(), map(), filter(), reduce(), find(), some(), every(), indexOf(), includes(), sort(), reverse(), and more.
Optimizing JavaScript code can improve efficiency by using push() instead of unshift(), Set for unique values, and wisely using map() and reduce().
Common JavaScript array interview questions include reversing an array, finding a missing number, implementing a custom map function, rotating an array, and finding the most frequent element.