<ul><li>Hoisting is JavaScript’s default behavior of moving variable and function declarations to the top of their scope before execution.</li><li>Variables declared with var are hoisted but initialized with undefined, meaning you can reference them before declaration, but they won't hold their actual value until the assignment line is executed.</li><li>let and const variables are hoisted but not initialized, so accessing them before declaration results in a ReferenceError.</li><li>Function declarations are fully hoisted, meaning they can be called before being defined.</li></ul>

Understanding Hoisting in JavaScript: Why Can We Use `var` Before Declaration?

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