In JavaScript, objects are mutable, meaning changes made to one variable can affect another referencing the same object.
Techniques like shallow copying, deep copying, and Immer library can help avoid unintended side effects.
Shallow copy with spread operator only copies top-level fields, while manual deep copy and structuredClone offer solutions for nested objects.
Immer's produce function provides a cleaner syntax for creating immutable updates in JavaScript objects, making it useful for state management like in Redux.