Protocol Data Units (PDUs) are the smallest units of data exchanged between entities in a network.
PDUs have a hierarchical structure in the OSI model, with different names at each layer such as segment, packet, frame, and bit.
The header of a PDU contains control information, while the payload carries the actual data being transmitted.
PDUs are vital for network communication as they enable encapsulation, modularity, and interoperability, and are essential for protocol parsing and analysis.