V8, Google’s high-performance JavaScript engine, powers browsers like Chrome and backend runtimes like Node.js.
V8 has four core components: Parser, Ignition (Interpreter), TurboFan (Optimizing Compiler), and Garbage Collector.
The execution pipeline in V8 involves parsing code into AST, compiling it into bytecode, optimizing it with TurboFan, and deoptimizing if assumptions fail.
V8 uses JIT compilation, speculation and assumptions, profiling-guided optimization, and on-stack replacement to improve performance.