- Proof-of-Stake has negative impact on the environment, is expensive to be a miner, and has scalability issues.- Proof-of-Stake does not have miners, but instead validators are chosen in a pseudo-random way.- Validators put their cryptocurrency on stake and are rewarded based on their stake.- Factors affecting validator selection include stake amount, length of staking, and randomization.- Higher stake amounts increase the chances of being selected, which some argue may lead to centralization.